Integrated planning requires coordinating land use, transport, housing, environment, and economic development across both sectoral agencies and governance levels.
- Integrated Urban Development Strategies (IUDS): the dominant model in European planning practice, which combines spatial, sectoral, and financial dimensions in a single coordinating document. Required for EU structural fund investments in urban areas.
- Joint planning agreements between levels of government: contractual arrangements that commit different tiers of government to aligned investment programmes over a defined period.
- National urban policies aligned with sectoral strategies: housing policy, transport investment, environmental regulation, and economic development strategies should derive their spatial logic from and feed back into an overarching urban policy framework.
- Coordination of reconstruction with urban planning: Reconstruction programmes prepared as a unified exercise in conjunction with spatial plans; reconstruction agencies operating within the planning framework rather than parallel to it; reconstruction funds conditional on plan alignment.